جميع الأزمنة في الإنجليزية — جدول شامل مع أمثلة وشرح مبسط
دليل شامل لجميع الأزمنة في الإنجليزية مع جدول كامل يغطي 12 زمناً والماضي والحاضر والمستقبل مع أمثلة وكلمات دالة ونصائح لاختيار الزمن الصحيح بسهولة.
جميع الأزمنة في الإنجليزية — جدول شامل مع أمثلة
الإنجليزية تحتوي على 12 زمناً أساسياً: 4 للحاضر، 4 للماضي، و4 للمستقبل. هذا الدليل يغطيها جميعاً بجداول وأمثلة.
الأزمنة في الإنجليزية تتكون من مزيج من الزمن (حاضر، ماضي، مستقبل) و الجانب (بسيط، مستمر، تام، تام مستمر).
الأزمنة الأربعة للحاضر (Present Tenses)
| الزمن | التركيب | الاستخدام | مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | V1 (s- للغائب) | حقائق، عادات | I work. She works. |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are + V-ing | الآن، مؤقت | I am working now. |
| Present Perfect | have/has + V3 | تجربة، نتيجة | I have worked here. |
| Present Perfect Continuous | have/has + been + V-ing | مستمر من الماضي للحاضر | I have been working for 2 hours. |
Present Simple:
- I drink coffee every morning.
- She teaches English.
- The sun rises in the east.
كلمات دالة: always, usually, sometimes, never, every day
Present Continuous:
- I am reading a book right now.
- She is studying for her exam this week.
- They are building a new house.
كلمات دالة: now, right now, at the moment, currently, this week
Present Perfect:
- I have visited London.
- She has finished her homework.
- They have lived here for 5 years.
كلمات دالة: ever, never, just, already, yet, since, for, so far
Present Perfect Continuous:
- I have been waiting for an hour.
- She has been studying since morning.
- They have been working on this project for months.
الأزمنة الأربعة للماضي (Past Tenses)
| الزمن | التركيب | الاستخدام | مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
| Past Simple | V2 (ed- للعادي) | حدث منتهي | I worked yesterday. |
| Past Continuous | was/were + V-ing | مستمر في الماضي | I was working at 8 PM. |
| Past Perfect | had + V3 | حدث قبل حدث آخر في الماضي | I had worked before he arrived. |
| Past Perfect Continuous | had + been + V-ing | استمرار قبل حدث في الماضي | I had been working for 2 hours when he called. |
Past Simple:
"I visited my family last weekend."
"She went to the cinema yesterday."
Past Continuous:
"I was watching TV when she called."
"They were playing football at 5 PM."
Past Perfect:
"I had already eaten when they arrived."
"She had finished the report before the meeting."
Past Perfect Continuous:
"I had been waiting for an hour when the bus finally came."
"She had been studying English for 2 years before she moved to London."
الأزمنة الأربعة للمستقبل (Future Tenses)
| الزمن | التركيب | الاستخدام | مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
| Future Simple | will + V1 | توقع، قرار فوري | I will work tomorrow. |
| Future Continuous | will be + V-ing | مستمر في المستقبل | I will be working at 8 PM. |
| Future Perfect | will have + V3 | حدث سينتهي قبل وقت في المستقبل | I will have worked here for 5 years by 2026. |
| Future Perfect Continuous | will have been + V-ing | استمرار حتى وقت في المستقبل | I will have been working for 10 hours by 6 PM. |
Future Simple:
"I will call you later."
"I think it will rain tomorrow."
Future Continuous:
"This time tomorrow, I will be flying to London."
"Don't call at 8 PM, I will be studying."
Future Perfect:
"I will have finished the project by Friday."
"She will have graduated by next year."
Future Perfect Continuous:
"By next month, I will have been working here for 5 years."
"By 10 PM, we will have been driving for 6 hours."
جدول شامل لجميع الأزمنة
| الزمن | المثبت | المنفي | السؤال |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | I work | I don't work | Do I work? |
| Present Continuous | I am working | I'm not working | Am I working? |
| Present Perfect | I have worked | I haven't worked | Have I worked? |
| Present Perfect Continuous | I have been working | I haven't been working | Have I been working? |
| Past Simple | I worked | I didn't work | Did I work? |
| Past Continuous | I was working | I wasn't working | Was I working? |
| Past Perfect | I had worked | I hadn't worked | Had I worked? |
| Past Perfect Continuous | I had been working | I hadn't been working | Had I been working? |
| Future Simple | I will work | I won't work | Will I work? |
| Future Continuous | I will be working | I won't be working | Will I be working? |
| Future Perfect | I will have worked | I won't have worked | Will I have worked? |
| Future Perfect Continuous | I will have been working | I won't have been working | Will I have been working? |
نصيحة:
لا تحاول حفظ جميع الأزمنة في يوم واحد. تعلمها بالترتيب:
- Present Simple & Present Continuous
- Past Simple & Future Simple (will)
- Present Perfect
- Past Continuous & Future Continuous
- Past Perfect & Future Perfect
اختبر فهمك
What are you doing?
ماذا تفعل؟
I'm studying English tenses. I have been studying for two hours.
أنا أدرس أزمنة الإنجليزية. لقد كنت أدرس لمدة ساعتين.
Wow! How many tenses have you learned so far?
واو! كم زمناً تعلمت حتى الآن؟
I have finished the present tenses. I will start the past tenses tomorrow.
لقد أنهيت أزمنة الحاضر. سأبدأ** أزمنة الماضي غداً.
By next month, you will have mastered all of them!
بحلول الشهر القادم، ستكون قد أتقنت كل الأزمنة!
I hope so! I have been practicing every day.
أتمنى ذلك! لقد كنت أتدرب كل يوم.
💡 الخلاصة: 12 زمناً في الإنجليزية — 4 للحاضر، 4 للماضي، 4 للمستقبل. تعلمها بالتدريج، واهتم بالكلمات الدالة لكل زمن، وستتقنها مع الممارسة. للمزيد من التمارين التفاعلية، تفضل بزيارة دروس القواعد على موقع Englize.